What is the Semiconductor?
Jun 10, 2023
What are the Semiconductors that have been boiling up in recent days? Let's take a look together next.
All objects in life can be roughly divided into three categories based on their conductivity: Conductors, Semiconductors, and Insulators.
The outermost electrons of a conductor easily break free from the atomic nucleus and become free electrons. Under the action of an external electric field, they move in a directional direction, forming an electric current. Their conductivity is very good, and they are called conductors. High valence elements (such as inert gases) or polymer materials (such as rubber), whose outermost electrons are strongly bound by atomic nuclei and difficult to form free electrons, have extremely poor conductivity and are called insulators.
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The commonly used semiconductor materials, silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), are both tetravalent elements, and their outermost electrons are neither as easy to break free from the atomic nucleus as conductors, nor as tightly bound by the atomic nucleus as insulators. At room temperature, their conductivity is between the two.
In the semiconductor with crystal structure, when specific impurity elements are artificially doped, the conductivity is controllable. Moreover, under the conditions of light and thermal radiation, its conductivity still has obvious changes. These special properties determine that the semiconductor can be made into various electronic devices.
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Overall, Semiconductor is a material product typically composed of silicon, with higher conductivity than insulators such as glass, but lower conductivity than pure conductors such as copper or aluminum. Impurities (known as doping) can be introduced to alter their conductivity and other properties to meet the specific needs of the electronic components they reside in. Semiconductors, also known as semiconductors or chips, can be found in thousands of products, such as computers, smartphones, devices, gaming hardware, and medical devices.
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